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	<title>abanghazrul.com &#187; Politics</title>
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	<link>http://www.abanghazrul.com</link>
	<description>Finding My Nirvana</description>
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		<title>What is Melayu 2.0?</title>
		<link>http://www.abanghazrul.com/notes/what-is-melayu-2-0/</link>
		<comments>http://www.abanghazrul.com/notes/what-is-melayu-2-0/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2009 10:05:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Hazrul Azhar Jamari</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Internet Presence]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[malay]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Politics]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[When I coined this term back in November 2008, it was a term I used to define this movement which I co-founded with [...]]]></description>
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										</div><p>When I coined this term back in November 2008, it was a term I used to define this movement which I co-founded with other Malay New Media professionals and practitioners as well as to initiate a culture of improvement within the Malay community.</p>
<p>I was present about 9 years ago when the &#8220;Melayu Baru&#8221; <a class="zem_slink" title="Debate" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debate">debate</a> came up. As a teenager, sitting in the old MUIS building&#8217;s board room, listening to the older youth (then about 30+ years old) discussing definitions and semantics to the Melayu Baru debate. It was afterall the year 2000. A new Millenium. An &#8220;Alaf Baru&#8221;.</p>
<p>A lot of politicising was happening. There was the Collective Leadership issue between AMP and the government, the Tudung issue of Fateha.com and Madrasah issue of the respective Madrasahs and their stakeholders.</p>
<p>9 years has passed and exactly what have the Malays achieved? For all the politicking, debates and constant chatter about these and many other issues especially post-9/11 Singapore, all we had to show for, was the incidental PSLE top scorer in a certain 12 year old from a blue-collar, lower class, Malay family.</p>
<p>Her success was not the result of some concerted effort by the Malay community. It was her own success. No one intervened to help her achieve it.</p>
<p>If anything, the Malay community needed a revitalisation which would help them renew their efforts towards this Muslim community of excellence that is prescribed across all the relevant Muslim bodies.</p>
<p>I wanted the Malay community to upgrade itself, yet retain its Malay-ness. I wanted the <a class="zem_slink" title="Malays (ethnic group)" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malays_%28ethnic_group%29">Malay people</a> to have a more technological definition, yet still remain true to what is a Malay, self-defined, on your own terms.</p>
<p>Thus, I coined the term Melayu 2.0, a combination of the word Melayu, and <a class="zem_slink" title="Web 2.0" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0">Web 2.0</a>. On its own, Web 2.0 is a definition of what the web is today, an amalgamation of social technologies and networks. It is from this web-derived vocabulary that the term Melayu 2.0 should be understood.</p>
<p>When we first came onto the scene on <a class="zem_slink" title="Facebook" rel="homepage" href="http://facebook.com">Facebook</a>, much of the criticism of the term Melayu 2.0, came from the <a class="zem_slink" title="Malaysia" rel="geolocation" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=3.13333333333,101.7&amp;spn=10.0,10.0&amp;q=3.13333333333,101.7 (Malaysia)&amp;t=h">Malaysians</a>. As this was a <a class="zem_slink" title="Demographics of Singapore" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Singapore">Singaporean</a> effort, we responded that we&#8217;re not out to redefine orang Melayu such that the essence of the Malays are lost. There were questions on what&#8217;s the need for another identity? Melayu je lah. Kan senang.</p>
<p>My response is simple. If you want to identify yourself as simply Melayu. Then that&#8217;s your own prerogative. No one is forcing you to be a Melayu 2.0 if you even understand what that means. Melayu is still a race. Melayu 2.0 is not a race. It&#8217;s a Web 2.0 movement consisting of Malays who upgrade themselves to better their society.</p>
<p>If you cannot appreciate the intent of this movement, then you should look in the mirror to see if you have indeed justified the meaning of being a Malay? The word Melayu, defined by Javanese vocabulary, means to run as fast and far as possible. The entire Malay culture was seafaring. Malays expanded throughout the globe all the way to the ends of South Africa from the first anthropological evidence of Malays in <a class="zem_slink" title="Hainan" rel="geolocation" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=19.1066666667,109.5675&amp;spn=0.1,0.1&amp;q=19.1066666667,109.5675 (Hainan)&amp;t=h">Hainan Island</a>. We&#8217;re a race that defines globalisation without eroding its culture. The Chinese have lost much of their culture through modernisation. But Malays everywhere, whether they are in Taiwan, Cham, Papua, Manila, Sandakan, <a class="zem_slink" title="Cape Town" rel="geolocation" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=-33.9166666667,18.4166666667&amp;spn=0.1,0.1&amp;q=-33.9166666667,18.4166666667 (Cape%20Town)&amp;t=h">Cape Town</a>, Kuala Lumpur and Geylang have rode on the waves of globalisation and have not lost the essence of their Malay-ness. We keep our heritage proudly.</p>
<p>But as Singaporean Malays, where are we now? As a community, have we truly, really progressed in the past 10 years since the Melayu Baru debate first arose?</p>
<p>Have we built a confident informal Malay leadership in the absence of a Collective leadership? Have we managed to build trust and greater confidence with other races, so much so that they better appreciate and understand our differences and religiosity? Yet, most pressing, have we improved educationally? economically? spiritually or religiously enlightened?</p>
<p>The reality is that we&#8217;re nowhere near these things.</p>
<p>Thus Melayu 2.0 defined itself 3 areas of focus, in Education, Economics and Enlightenment (to be read as both spiritual and religious).</p>
<p>To create a pleasant environment for people participating in the discussion, we prescribed the OB markers of the debate. We believe in Free Speech. But hate speech is not free speech. We also believe that discussions need to be productive, and people need to come away with a sense of fulfillment. So we want to avoid potentially divisive chatter which more often than not revolves around religion.</p>
<p>I personally laid down the rules of engagement. <a class="zem_slink" title="Islam" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam">Islam</a> is not up for debate. I did not say you cannot talk about Islam. You can! You can make points with religion as a reference. What you cannot do is debate religion based on political schisms. We recognise that there are Malays of other Mazhabs like the Shia. And instead of excluding them from the discourse, we&#8217;d rather include them. They&#8217;re still Muslims all the same. So what I do not wish inside the discussions are questions over someone&#8217;s religiosity, or someone&#8217;s particular flavour of Islam. This is not respectful and not productive, and I cannot allow this in the discourse. The few Shia Malay/Muslims have taken the initative to write Shia-centric postings, so that Sunnis are better informed about their Shia brothers. It is this culture of respect and tolerance that make us Singaporean Malay/Muslims so much more different than the warring Arab tribes as we can see in the Middle-east.</p>
<p>Next, we&#8217;re an independent movement. We&#8217;re not created by the government. We don&#8217;t work for the government. The government works for us and we ensure that the government works with us with mutual interests in mind. We&#8217;re part of civil society engaged with the government over policies that affect the Malay community. We&#8217;re an informal leadership, allowing others within the Melayu 2.0 community to take up an issue so long as it is with our blessings and approval.</p>
<p>Do we discuss politics? Yes. We&#8217;re a non-political movement. That means we&#8217;re not a <a class="zem_slink" title="Political party" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_party">political party</a>. That does not mean we&#8217;re apolitical. We&#8217;ve defined the focus areas which we want to see an improvement, and these are social issues at its core. So what we want in discussions are not political discussions that are rants of displeasure. We don&#8217;t want to have discussions that light the flame of discontentment. What we want are discussions that are productive and arrive at solutions which in turn could become policies the government may implement. This is a community with many different political affiliations. I am not a PAP member. I criticise quite openly, the affairs of this government. But politics is a divisive matter. And what we want is to put aside political ideologies and focus on getting things done for the greater good of the community. The Malays need to stand united as one people in order to improve. Not bicker over politics.</p>
<p>Our channels with the government are clear. We work on respectful, mutual interest basis. We do not believe in locking horns with the government. We give direct criticisms to the proper channels. But we do so respectfully. The fact that we are re-invited for more dialogue is a step in the right direction. The government is listening. The people are speaking up. Isn&#8217;t this way so much more better than the aggressive, combative methods used by different community movements of the past?</p>
<p>When we discussed the name Melayu 2.0, we recognised the limiting definitions that affect our mode of administration. So we arrived first by public vote and then by internal vote to choose the name Generasi ME as the official name of the movement, and Melayu 2.0 as the concept of the establishment of this movement. This allowed us to purchase a domain name gen-me.org which would not be possible with Melayu 2.0. Because melayu2.0.org is simply technically impossible.</p>
<p>We then prescribed ME as self-defining. We established that ME means MElayu, Millenium, ME (a collective success of self). You can intepret ME however you like to suit your tastes. We&#8217;re not going to push the meaning down your throats. You define your own idea of success. It is about yourself and your success.</p>
<p>It is hoped, through this informal, lightly-managed movement, the Malays will take the initiative on their own to carve a future that defines who they are in this new Knowledge-Based, highly globalised economy. We only established the parameters of this success. You, the Malays, are the ones responsible to realise it. You fail in 10 years time. That&#8217;s your own fault. You succeed, that&#8217;s your own success. I&#8217;m not responsible for your success. You are. You don&#8217;t owe me anything. I don&#8217;t owe you anything. But in order to achieve this success which you crave for, we need to work collectively.</p>
<p>So enough of this debate on semantics. You can argue all you want but you know as much as I do that it is not helpful. If you want progress, we need to move away from debating about these semantics, and more about finding solutions to pressing problems like the education of the Malays, the economic standing of the Malays, and the spiritual or religious enlightenment of the Malays.</p>
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		<title>Singaporean Enough?</title>
		<link>http://www.abanghazrul.com/notes/singaporean-enough/</link>
		<comments>http://www.abanghazrul.com/notes/singaporean-enough/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 13 May 2009 10:39:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Hazrul Azhar Jamari</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Life]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[My Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Asia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Government]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Malaysia]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Image by macbiff via Flickr When I go to the coffeeshop to order a cup of coke, I am greeted by a China-girl, [...]]]></description>
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<dt class="wp-caption-dt"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/92982109@N00/210766211"><img title="Anderson JC Choir celebrates win with Singapore" src="http://farm1.static.flickr.com/69/210766211_7619963356_m.jpg" alt="Anderson JC Choir celebrates win with Singapore" width="240" height="160" /></a></dt>
<dd class="wp-caption-dd zemanta-img-attribution" style="font-size: 0.8em;">Image by <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/92982109@N00/210766211">macbiff</a> via Flickr</dd>
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<p>When I go to the coffeeshop to order a cup of coke, I am greeted by a <a class="zem_slink" title="China" rel="geolocation" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=35.0,105.0&amp;spn=10.0,10.0&amp;q=35.0,105.0%20%28China%29&amp;t=h">China</a>-girl, who can&#8217;t speak an inch of <a class="zem_slink" title="English language" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language">English</a>, and tried to mouth back my order in barely comprehensible mainland Mandarin. The local prata shop staff which resides in the coffeeshop, is constantly frustrated at her, to the point of bad-mouthing in terms I can only say are ungracious. They&#8217;ve tried so hard to communicate, telling her in English, that the used plates are to be placed inside the bin, not on their counters, but to no avail. All she knows is Hua Yi.</p>
<p>Several months later, I observed the China-girl was still around, slightly improved, yet still barely comprehensible Mandarin. I wonder how does someone with zilch English continue to have a job, when born and bred Singaporeans who are of a similar or better educational level are struggling to find one today. The service is obviously shoddy. The patrons are obviously frustrated. This is a coffeeshop, where all races converge. Whether for a cuppa, or a meal of hor fun and nasi <a class="zem_slink" title="Malay language" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_language">ayam</a>, beer and coke alike. Yet the coffeeshop owner probably found it logical to employ someone who does not speak in a common language (read: English), leaving those that cannot speak Hua Yi to leave, perturbed.</p>
<p>In another case, a friend of mine who happens to be a Malay, and who has been working in a large IT company had already upgraded to a degree. He submitted his transcripts, and applied for a raise. HR never acted on it. Months later, the company employed a young diploma holder, with zero experience, and paid him $600 more than my friend! That young diploma holder, happens to be someone of <a class="zem_slink" title="Chinese language" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language">Chinese</a> ethnicity.</p>
<p>Obviously, my friend was upset. This should not happen in a country that practices meritocracy. Not affirmative <a class="zem_slink" title="Racism" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism">racial discrimination</a> like our neighbours upstairs. We believed in the <a class="zem_slink" title="Singapore" rel="geolocation" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=1.36666666667,103.8&amp;spn=0.1,0.1&amp;q=1.36666666667,103.8%20%28Singapore%29&amp;t=h">Singapore</a> system, only for us to realise that the Singapore system treats us like 2nd class citizens.</p>
<p>Another friend of mine. No. wait. Several friends of mine of a minority race, applied for jobs at a government agency which was non-security related. They were well qualified. They had degrees. Some with Masters. Some others with Honours. All rejected. And the funny thing was, this agency was suffering from a lack of <a class="zem_slink" title="Civil service" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_service">civil servants</a> which were to be deployed to institutions of enlightenment, leading them to go on a massive campaign to attract more of such civil servants.</p>
<p>It puzzles me, this Singapore I live in today. How could a country I so dearly love, as I grew up in the 80s, which embraced multi-racialism suddenly become so un-Singaporean? The tide of discontentment is growing, even among Chinese Singaporeans. People are unhappy. I&#8217;ve never seen such a level of discontentment with the country in my life, and this is probably unprecedented.</p>
<p>I have nothing against speaking Mandarin, so long as you give equal treatment to the other official languages, especially our national language. I love the fact that I can understand some Mandarin, enough for me to survive, especially when I&#8217;m faced with China service staff. I&#8217;m partially Chinese myself! But this country, I feel, has lost its soul.</p>
<p>I dare to ask you Singaporeans, especially those who are not trained in the National language (Malay), do you really know what each verse in our anthem means?</p>
<p><em>Mari kita rakyat Singapura sama-sama menuju bahagia.</em></p>
<p>Do you know what bahagia means? It means, happiness. That&#8217;s the first stanza in our anthem. The first stanza asks all Singaporeans achieve happiness as one people. As one nation. Yet, what are we today? Are we happy? Are we one people? One nation?</p>
<p>After nearly 44 years of independence. After nearly 44 years of secession from <a class="zem_slink" title="Malaysia" rel="geolocation" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=3.13333333333,101.7&amp;spn=10.0,10.0&amp;q=3.13333333333,101.7%20%28Malaysia%29&amp;t=h">Malaysia</a>, where they practise open, affirmative, discrimination. We are a shame to our own ethos. How in the world did we end up practising discrimination here?? And how did we become so unhappy with nearly everything around us?</p>
<p>So many people are finding this country to be increasingly foreign to them. Its like we&#8217;re foreigners in our own home. Obviously, this country needs change.</p>
<p>Do we vote in the opposition? Its quite obvious, most people feel the opposition does not possess a better calibre of candidates that the incumbent possesses. So personally, I&#8217;d rather not vote in an inept government. We will have more to be unhappy about.</p>
<p>I&#8217;d rather ordinary Singaporeans do extra-ordinary things to change this country. Being a Libertarian, that&#8217;s the only thing I know best. That things will not change, unless you take ownership of your problems and your issues. The government cannot be depended on for everything. So take charge of the things you&#8217;re unhappy about and change it.</p>
<p>If there needs to be a campaign to enrich Singaporeans with our other official languages, then so be it. We need to wake up some Singaporeans who are not sensitive to the <a class="zem_slink" title="Minority group" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_group">minority groups</a>. If there needs to be a movement to end racial discrimination in the workplace, then so be it. We need to kick out racism in Singapore because it is inconsistent with our Singapore <a class="zem_slink" title="Singapore National Pledge" rel="wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_National_Pledge">pledge</a>, &#8220;&#8230; regardless of race, language or religion &#8230;&#8221;. If people are losing jobs because someone decides to let go of people who are not his kind, its time we gave people a wake up call, that we are Singaporeans first. Not this race or that race.</p>
<p>We are Singapore. Not Chinapore. We are Singaporeans. Race should never be a factor. We are a country that embraces multi-culturalism, not a country that tries to force a culture&#8217;s language over its disgruntled minorities.</p>
<p>I love this country. And I want it to regain its soul. Her citizens need to learn about her heritage and her history. Her people needs to be united in order to progress further.</p>
<p>We, the citizens of Singapore<br />
Pledge ourselves as <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>One United People</strong></span><br />
Regardless of race, language or religion<br />
To build a Democratic Society<br />
Based on Justice and Equality<br />
So as to achieve Happiness, Prosperity and Progress for our nation</p>
<p>We are the only country in the world that has a minority language (Malay) as the ONLY National language of its country. But her citizens do not speak her tongue. We are a country that believes in meritocracy and racial equality. Yet somehow, we&#8217;ve managed to not practise them.</p>
<p>Singaporeans, this NDP, things will change. The theme for this year is called <a href="http://www.ndp.org.sg/concept.php" target="_blank">&#8220;Come Together&#8221;</a>. The NDP committee has drawn its inspiration from the pledge. And asks her people to reflect on it. Particularly the bit that says, &#8220;One United People&#8221;.</p>
<p>Singaporeans, we&#8217;ve come a long way from third world to first. We&#8217;ve attained so much wealth, but we are not wealthy. Not where the heart is. So I ask you to reflect with me and other like-minded Singaporeans on this country we call home; it&#8217;s anthem, its pledge, its crescent and stars, its red and white. Have you been Singaporean enough?</p>
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		<title>To veil or not to veil</title>
		<link>http://www.abanghazrul.com/notes/to-veil-or-not-to-veil/</link>
		<comments>http://www.abanghazrul.com/notes/to-veil-or-not-to-veil/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 07 Feb 2008 12:46:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Hazrul Azhar Jamari</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[My Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ban on veils]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[higher education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hijab]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[islam]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[muslim]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mustafa kemal ataturk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Politics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[secularism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[turkey]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[university]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Americans have gone exercising their democratic right to vote on Super Tuesday, to elect the respective presidential candidates in the Republican and Democratic [...]]]></description>
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										</div><p>Americans have gone exercising their democratic right to vote on Super Tuesday, to elect the respective presidential candidates in the Republican and Democratic parties. While who becomes the final contenders to unseat George Bush at the White House is still anybody&#8217;s guess, elsewhere in the world, the Turkish parliament has voted with a massive majority to relax the ban on Islamic headscarves in universities.<span id="more-578"></span></p>
<p><a href="http://mag.typecanvas.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/turkish_headscarves.jpg" title="Turkish Headscarves"><img src="http://mag.typecanvas.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/turkish_headscarves.jpg" alt="Turkish Headscarves" align="left" /></a>In most Muslim countries, it is considered extremely sacrilegious to ban the headscarf. Go to any Muslim country in the middle-east and you will most likely find women who are dressed fully covered from head to toe. While it is known that women are required to dress modestly in Islam, it should also be said that just like women, men are also equally required to cover themselves up.</p>
<p>However, the parts of the body which are required to be covered by each gender is different. Women are required to cover their entire body, except their hands and face. Whereas men, are required to cover the parts from the navel to the knee.</p>
<p>This dress code if you would like to call it that, is not meant to protect women as it is widely reported. In many middle-east countries, covered women are raped as much as non-covered women are. In fact, a woman wearing a headscarf is more likely to get raped than one without just by the sheer majority of women in these countries who are veiled, which accounts for a lopsided statistic for the protesters of the lifting of the ban. The idea that a woman is more likely to get raped if uncovered is however debunked nonetheless, and the mostly credited reason behind this law is just mere excuse to encourage less willing women to cover up.</p>
<p>The misfortune for Muslim women is how clerics and practising Muslims place too much emphasis on women&#8217;s clothing, that men not covering up, is hardly discussed or debated. And in all that unproductive debate, no one ever speaks a word about how covered Muslim men are allowed in universities nonetheless.</p>
<p>The fact is men&#8217;s area of cover is so entwined in the norm, that it hardly becomes the topic. Every man wears pants! Thus, it is not regarded a religious symbol. But the veil is the one most recognisable garment in Islam that distinguishes a Muslim and one who is not.</p>
<p>That single piece of cloth, is so powerful, that a non-practising Muslim, or a non-Muslim for that matter, and in the case of Turkey, staunch believers of the Church of Secularism, fears it as if it could wipe out their entire belief system and the country that was built by this clear separation between the divine and that which is not.</p>
<p>For a country which is trying to get themselves recognised by the European Union, what is acceptable in secularism and what is not, is very misunderstood indeed. Let me tell you one thing my Turkish friends. If one day, a young Muslim veiled woman steps on university ground, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk will not crawl out from his grave and end this crime against the state.</p>
<p>To allow a practising Muslim woman access to higher education, will do more for Turkey than it ever will if Turkey intends to be a modern, industrial, European nation. Unlike their Arab brethren, their women get to become educated and help the nation thrive. Whereas in Arabia and Central Asia, their women have little or no access to higher education even if the school was opposite their homes, if they had any in the first place.</p>
<p>The middle east have been criticised for a decline in the quality of education, that it exacerbates the condition of their economy and high unemployment rate. And with 2/3 of Turkish women who don the veil, and who refuse to sacrifice their faith, their democratic ability to choose not to receive higher education in exchange for their freedom to practise their religion, the secularists are the ones to be blamed if Turkey does not accept this lifting of the ban on veils.</p>
<p>For members of the Turkish Constitutional Court, my advice for you if this matter is brought to court by the secularists is this: Would Turkey prosper by upholding an archaic secular value instead of democratising, and reforming this silly ban on a piece of cloth? Change is imminent. And even Europe has to face it one day.</p>
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